Microsoft TechNet - Windows Time Service Technical Reference

MSDN Blogs - Windows Time Service

MSDN Blogs > Windows Time Service > Configuring the Time Service: Enabling the Debug Log
TechNet Blogs - Ask the Directory Services Team - High Accuracy W32time Requirements
Beagle Software - Using the Windows Time Service (w32time) while running ClockWatch as an SNTP Timeserver
IBM PC Real Time Clock should run in UT

Registry entries for the W32Time service
Support boundary to configure the Windows Time service for high accuracy environments
How to configure the Windows Time service against a large time offset
In Windows Server 2003 and in Windows XP, W32Time frequently logs Event ID 50, and poor time synchronization occurs
Basic Operation of the Windows Time Service
How to turn on debug logging in the Windows Time Service (KB816043)
A list of the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) time servers that are available on the Internet (KB262680)

Import:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\w32time\Parameters]
"WriteLog"="True"
"Log"=dword:00000064

And restart the Windows Time service.
Source:Microsoft Support - Configuring the Time Service to Log When the Time Is Changed

As suffix to the name or the IP address of:

• /manualpeerlist: (w32tm)
• /setsntp (net time)

You can add an extra value for the NTP packet type:

Sources:
Microsoft Support - How to configure an authoritative time server in Windows Server (KB816042) zie onder “More Information”.
TechNet - Windows Time Service Tools and Settings see the description of the NtpServer registry key.

Tested on Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard.

REM Configure the Windows Time service to sync with two NTP servers
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\w32tm.exe" /config /manualpeerlist:"0.nl.pool.ntp.org 1.nl.pool.ntp.org " /syncfromflags:manual /reliable:yes /update

REM Configure the Windows Time service to auto-start
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sc.exe" config W32Time start=auto

REM Enable the NTP Server component of W32Time
REM 	http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/the-enterprise-cloud/configure-a-standalone-ntp-server-in-windows-server/
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\reg.exe" ADD "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time\TimeProviders\NtpServer" /v Enabled /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f

REM Stop and start the Windows Time service.
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sc.exe" stop W32Time 
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sc.exe" start W32Time 

REM Query config
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\w32tm.exe" /query /configuration

REM Add a firewall rule allowing UDP/123 incoming
%systemroot%\system32\netsh.exe advfirewall firewall add rule name="NTP Server" dir=in action=allow protocol=UDP localport=123

REM If this is a domain member server, Windows Time service shows "Automatic (Trigger Start)" as status in services.msc.
REM	https://www.coretechnologies.com/products/ServiceTriggerEditor/sc.html
REM Check trigger parameters
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sc.exe" qtriggerinfo W32Time

REM Remove the trigger parameters
"%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\sc.exe" triggerinfo W32Time delete

Sources:

• TechRepublic - Configure a standalone NTP server in Windows Server
• Core Technologies Consulting - Using SC to manage Service Triggers on Windows 10/8/7 and Windows Server 2016/2012/2008 R2